View source for Template:Periodic table (group names)

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<div style="background:{{element color|table title}}; padding:2px 4px;font-weight:bold;">{{#invoke:navbar|navbar|collapsible=1|Groups in the [[periodic table]]}}</div><!--

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{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" style="display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;text-align:center; max-width:1300px; margin:0; padding:0;"
|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Group (periodic table)|IUPAC group]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Group (periodic table)|[[#Group 1{{!}}1]]|[[Group 1 element{{!}}1]]}}{{ref|group1|a}}
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Alkaline earth metal|2]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | &mdash;{{ref|f-block groups|b}}
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 3 element|3]]{{ref|ScYLu|c}}
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 4 element|4]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 5 element|5]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 6 element|6]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 7 element|7]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 8 element|8]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 9 element|9]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 10 element|10]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 11 element|11]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 12 element|12]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Boron group|13]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Carbon group|14]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Pnictogen|15]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Chalcogen|16]]
! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Halogen|17]]
! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Noble gas|18]]

|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;" | [[Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table|Mendeleev]] {{nowrap|<small>(I&ndash;VIII)</small>}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | I<span style="visibility:hidden">A</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | II<span style="visibility:hidden">A</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | 
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | III<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IV<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | V<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VI<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VII<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8; text-align:center;" | VIII{{0|B}}
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | I<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | II<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | III<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IV<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | V<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VI<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VII<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | {{ref|group0|d}}

|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | [[Group (periodic table)#CAS and old IUPAC|CAS]] <small>{{nowrap|(US, A-B-A)}}</small>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIB
| colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;" | VIIIB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IIB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIIIA

|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Group (periodic table)#CAS and old IUPAC|Old&nbsp;IUPAC]] <small>{{nowrap|(Europe, A-B)}}</small>
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VA
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIA
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIA
| colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;" | VIII{{0|B}}
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IIB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VB
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIB
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIB
| style="background:#e1e1e1; font-size:95%;" | 0

|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Trivial name]]{{ref|IUPAC|r}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | H and [[alkali metal]]s
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[alkaline earth metal]]s
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | 
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | 
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | 
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | 
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | 
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | 
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | 
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | 
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | 
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[boron group|triels]]
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[carbon group|tetrels]]
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[pnictogens|pnicto{{shy}}gens]]
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[chalcogens|chal{{shy}}co{{shy}}gens]]
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[halogens|halo{{shy}}gens]]
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[noble gases]]

|- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Name by element{{ref|IUPAC|r}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | lith{{shy}}ium group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | beryl{{shy}}lium group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | scan{{shy}}dium group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | titan{{shy}}ium group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | vana{{shy}}dium group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | chro{{shy}}mium group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | man{{shy}}ga{{shy}}nese group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | iron group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | co{{shy}}balt group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | nickel group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | cop{{shy}}per group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | zinc group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | boron group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | car{{shy}}bon group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | nitro{{shy}}gen group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | oxy{{shy}}gen group
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" | fluor{{shy}}ine group
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" | helium ''or'' neon group

|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 1 element|Period 1]]
| {{element cell||Hydrogen|{{nbsp}}H{{nbsp}}|6=s-block}}
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| {{element cell||Helium|He|6=s-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 2 element|Period 2]]
| {{element cell||Lithium|Li|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Beryllium|Be|6=s-block}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| {{element cell||Boron|B|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Carbon|C|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Nitrogen|N|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Oxygen|O|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Fluorine|F|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Neon|Ne|6=p-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 3 element|Period 3]]
| {{element cell||Sodium|Na|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Magnesium|Mg|6=s-block}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" |
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| {{element cell||Aluminium|Al|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Silicon|Si|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Phosphorus|P|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Sulfur|S|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Chlorine|Cl|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Argon|Ar|6=p-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 4 element|Period 4]]
| {{element cell||Potassium|K|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Calcium|Ca|6=s-block}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1;" |
| {{element cell||Scandium|Sc|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Titanium|Ti|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Vanadium|V|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Chromium|Cr|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Manganese|Mn|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Iron|Fe|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Cobalt|Co|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Nickel|Ni|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Copper|Cu|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Zinc|Zn|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Gallium|Ga|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Germanium|Ge|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Arsenic|As|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Selenium|Se|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Bromine|Br|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Krypton|Kr|6=p-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 5 element|Period 5]]
| {{element cell||Rubidium|Rb|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Strontium|Sr|6=s-block}}
| style="background:#e1e1e1; <!--border-bottom:1px solid black-->" | 
| {{element cell||Yttrium|Y|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Zirconium|Zr|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Niobium|Nb|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Molybdenum|Mo|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Technetium|Tc|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Ruthenium|Ru|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Rhodium|Rh|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Palladium|Pd|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Silver|Ag|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Cadmium|Cd|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Indium|In|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Tin|Sn|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Antimony|Sb|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Tellurium|Te|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Iodine|I|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Xenon|Xe|6=p-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 6 element|Period 6]]
| {{element cell||Caesium|Cs|style=min-width:4%;|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Barium|Ba|style=min-width:4%;|6=s-block}}
| style="font-size:95%; background:{{element color|f-block}}; padding:0 1px; width:*;" | {{nowrap|[[Lanthanide|La&ndash;Yb]]}}
| {{element cell||Lutetium|Lu|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Hafnium|Hf|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Tantalum|Ta|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Tungsten|W|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Rhenium|Re|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Osmium|Os|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Iridium|Ir|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Platinum|Pt|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Gold|Au|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Mercury|Hg|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block|link=mercury (element)}}
| {{element cell||Thallium|Tl|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Lead|Pb|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Bismuth|Bi|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Polonium|Po|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Astatine|At|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Radon|Rn|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 7 element|Period 7]]
| {{element cell||Francium|Fr|6=s-block}}
| {{element cell||Radium|Ra|6=s-block}}
| style="font-size:95%; background:{{element color|f-block}}; padding:0 1px;" | {{nowrap|[[Actinide|Ac&ndash;No]]}}
| {{element cell||Lawrencium|Lr|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Rutherfordium|Rf|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Dubnium|Db|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Seaborgium|Sg|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Bohrium|Bh|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Hassium|Hs|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Meitnerium|Mt|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Darmstadtium|Ds|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Roentgenium|Rg|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Copernicium|Cn|6=d-block}}
| {{element cell||Nihonium|Nh|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Flerovium|Fl|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Moscovium|Mc|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Livermorium|Lv|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Tennessine|Ts|6=p-block}}
| {{element cell||Oganesson|Og|6=p-block}}
|}
<div style="text-align:left; background:{{element color|table mark}}"><!--


-->{{Anchor|Group 1b}}{{note label|group1|a}} Group 1 is composed of hydrogen (H) and the alkali metals. Elements of the group have one s-electron in the outer electron shell. Hydrogen is not considered to be an alkali metal as it is not a metal, though it is more analogous to them than any other group. This makes the group somewhat exceptional.<br/><!--
-->{{note label|f-block groups|b}} The 14 [[f-block groups]] (columns) do not have a group number.<br/><!--
-->{{note label|ScYLu|c}} The correct composition of group 3 is scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), and lawrencium (Lr), as shown here: this is endorsed by 1988<ref name="Fluck">{{cite journal |last1=Fluck |first1=E. |year=1988 |title=New Notations in the Periodic Table |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry|Pure Appl. Chem.]] |volume=60 |pages=431–436|doi=10.1351/pac198860030431 |url=https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf |access-date=24 March 2012 |issue=3 |s2cid=96704008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152951/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2012}}</ref> and 2021<ref name="2021IUPAC">{{cite journal |last1=Scerri |first1=Eric |date=18 January 2021 |title=Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table |url=https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf |journal=Chemistry International |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=31–34 |doi=10.1515/ci-2021-0115 |s2cid=231694898 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413150110/https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> IUPAC reports on the question. General inorganic chemistry texts often put scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), and actinium (Ac) in group 3, so that Ce–Lu and Th–Lr become the f-block between groups 3 and 4; this was based on incorrectly measured electron configurations from history,<ref name="Jensen1982">{{cite journal |title=The Positions of Lanthanum (Actinium) and Lutetium (Lawrencium) in the Periodic Table |author=William B. Jensen |journal=J. Chem. Educ. |year=1982 |volume=59 |issue = 8|pages=634–636 |doi=10.1021/ed059p634|bibcode=1982JChEd..59..634J }}</ref> and [[Lev Landau]] and [[Evgeny Lifshitz]] already considered it incorrect in 1948.<ref name=Landau>{{cite book
 |author=[[Lev Landau|L. D. Landau]], [[Evgeny Lifshitz|E. M. Lifshitz]]
 |year=1958
 |title=Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory
 |edition=1st |volume=3
 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]
 |pages=256–7
}}</ref> Arguments can still occasionally be encountered in the contemporary literature purporting to defend it, but most authors consider them logically inconsistent.<ref name="Jensen2015">{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=William B. |date=2015 |title=The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |journal=Foundations of Chemistry |volume=17 |issue= |pages=23–31 |doi=10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |s2cid=98624395 |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130011116/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Scerri2009>{{cite journal |last1=Scerri |first1=Eric |last2= |first2= |date=2009 |title=Which Elements Belong in Group 3? |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed086p1188 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=86 |issue=10 |pages=1188 |doi=10.1021/ed086p1188 |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref><ref name=Chemey>{{cite journal |last1=Chemey |first1=Alexander T. |last2=Albrecht-Schmitt |first2=Thomas E. |date=2019 |title=Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements |url= |journal=Radiochimica Acta |volume=107 |issue=9–11 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1515/ract-2018-3082 |access-date=}}</ref> Some sources follow a compromise that puts La–Lu and Ac–Lr as the f-block rows (despite that giving 15 f-block elements in each row, which contradicts quantum mechanics), leaving the heavier members of group 3 ambiguous.<ref name=2021IUPAC/> See also [[Group 3 element#Composition]].<br/><!--
-->{{note label|group0|d}} Group 18, the noble gases, were not discovered at the time of Mendeleev's original table. Later (1902), Mendeleev accepted the evidence for their existence, and they could be placed in a new "group 0", consistently and without breaking the periodic table principle.<br/><!--
-->{{note label|IUPAC|r}} Group name as recommended by IUPAC.</div>
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