|
|
Line 101: |
Line 101: |
| * [[Streaming audio]] {{ndash}} {{US$|8.9 billion|long=no}} | | * [[Streaming audio]] {{ndash}} {{US$|8.9 billion|long=no}} |
| * [[Paid download]]s {{ndash}} {{US$|2.3 billion|long=no}}}} | | * [[Paid download]]s {{ndash}} {{US$|2.3 billion|long=no}}}} |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| == सबसे अधिक बिकने वाले इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरणों की सूची ==
| |
| {{Dynamic list}}
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable sortable"
| |
| |+ List of [[electronic devices]] by number of shipments (at least 1{{nbsp}}billion manufactured units)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! [[Electronic device]]
| |
| ! data-sort-type="number" | Shipments <br> ({{estimation}} billion units)
| |
| ! Production years included
| |
| ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}}
| |
| ! Product type
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[MOSFET]] (MOS field-effect transistor)
| |
| | align="right" | 13,000,000,000,000
| |
| | 1964{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | <ref name="computerhistory2018">{{cite web |title=13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history/ |date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[Computer History Museum]] |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref>
| |
| | rowspan="14" |[[Semiconductor industry|Semiconductor]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Floating-gate MOSFET]] ([[flash memory]] [[memory cell (computing)|cell]])
| |
| | align="right" | 2,321,000,000,000
| |
| | 1992{{ndash}}1997, 2000{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|name=Flash|See {{Section link|Flash memory|Shipments}}.}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[MOS capacitor]] ([[DRAM]] [[memory cell (computing)|memory cell]])
| |
| | align="right" | 228,000,000,000
| |
| | 1965{{ndash}}2007, 2009{{ndash}}2013, 2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[MOS capacitor]] ([[dynamic RAM]] [[memory cell (computing)|memory cell]] consists of [[MOSFET]] and MOS capacitor)
| |
| * 1965{{ndash}}2007 {{ndash}} 1{{nbsp}}[[exabyte]] ({{estimation}})<ref name="Lai">{{cite journal |last1=Lai |first1=Stefan |title=Non-volatile memory technologies: The quest for ever lower cost |journal=2008 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting |date=December 2008 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1109/IEDM.2008.4796601 |url=http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs294-57/sp10/papers/lai-NVM-iedm2008.pdf}}</ref> {{ndash}} {{#expr:1*8}}{{nbsp}}[[quintillion]] cells
| |
| * 2009{{ndash}}2013 {{ndash}} {{formatnum:{{#expr:10.63+15.31+22.03+28.77+36.86}}|}}{{nbsp}}अरब [[ गीगाबिट ]]्स<ref>{{cite web |title=Global DRAM market unit shipments 2009-2017 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/298814/unit-shipments-global-dram-market/ |website=[[Statista]] |access-date=15 October 2019 |date=January 9, 2014}}</ref> {{ndash}} 113.6{{nbsp}}क्विंटिलियन कोशिकाएं
| |
| * 2018 {{ndash}} 106.34{{nbsp}}अरब गीगाबिट्स<ref>{{cite web |title=Unit shipments of 1Gb equivalent DRAM modules worldwide from 2018 to 2023 (in billions) |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/214794/dram-module-shipment-forecast-for-laptops-without-ultrabooks/ |website=[[Statista]] |access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> {{ndash}} 106.34{{nbsp}}क्विंटिलियन कोशिकाएं
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
| |असतत उपकरण [[ अर्धचालक युक्ति ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |5,041
| |
| |1954{{ndash}}1957, 1966{{ndash}}1971, 2002{{ndash}}2018
| |
| |rowspan = 5 | {{efn|name=Semiconductor|See {{Section link|Semiconductor industry|Shipments}}.}}
| |
| ---
| |
| (आईसी) चिप
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |4,044
| |
| |1960{{ndash}}1997, 2000, 2002{{ndash}}2013, 2015{{ndash}}2018
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1,112
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013, 2016
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |798
| |
| |1954{{ndash}}1957, 1966{{ndash}}1971, 2011, 2013{{ndash}}2018
| |
| ---
| |
| |मिश्रित-सिग्नल एकीकृत सर्किट चिप
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |635
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013, 2016
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:143+146+154+150}}
| |
| |2011, 2013{{ndash}}2015
| |
| | <ref name="discrete">{{cite web |title=Global discrete semiconductor shipments by type 2011-2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/668696/worldwide-discrete-semiconductor-market-shipments-by-type/ |website=[[Statista]] |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| |अनुप्रयोग-विशिष्ट एकीकृत सर्किट#अनुप्रयोग-विशिष्ट मानक उत्पाद | अनुप्रयोग-विशिष्ट मानक उत्पाद (ASSP)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |541
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013
| |
| | {{efn|name=Semiconductor}}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |363
| |
| |2011, 2013{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|name=Power|[[Power transistor]]:
| |
| * 2011, 2013{{ndash}}2014 {{ndash}} {{#expr:45+44+48}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="discrete"/>
| |
| * 2015 {{ndash}} 52{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Power Transistors To See Less Volatility In Second Half of This Decade |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Power-Transistors-To-See-Less-Volatility-In-Second-Half-Of-This-Decade/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IC Insights |date=June 22, 2016}}</ref>
| |
| * 2016{{ndash}}2018 {{ndash}} {{#expr:(62.8/1.08/1.09)+(62.8/1.08)+62.8 round 1}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Power Transistors to Hit Another Sales Record After Growth Bubble Ends |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Power-Transistors-To-Hit-Another-Sales-Record-After-Growth-Bubble-Ends/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IC Insights |date=May 14, 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
| टुकड़ा
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |357
| |
| |1992{{ndash}}1997, 2002{{ndash}}2013, 2016
| |
| |rowspan = 3 | {{efn|name=Semiconductor}}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |250
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013, 2016
| |
| ---
| |
| (MPU) / [[ माइक्रोकंट्रोलर ]] (MCU)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |205
| |
| |1971{{ndash}}1996, 2002{{ndash}}2014, 2016
| |
| ---
| |
| (सीडी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |200
| |
| |1982{{ndash}}2007
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |title=Compact disc hits 25th birthday |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6950845.stm |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |agency=[[BBC]] |date=17 August 2007}}</ref>
| |
| |[[ उपभोक्ता इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ]]
| |
| ---
| |
| टुकड़ा
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |197
| |
| |1987{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|name=Flash}}
| |
| |rowspan = 6 | अर्धचालक
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:61+65+63}}
| |
| |2013{{ndash}}2015
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Industry Overview |url=https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/gem/2016/1007/a7494/epfcd-20160330-14.pdf |website=[[Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing]] |date=2016-03-30 |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| |तंत्र-ए-चिप (SOC)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |131
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | {{efn|[[System-on-a-chip]] (SoC)
| |
| * [[ARM architecture]] (1991{{ndash}}2017) {{ndash}} 130{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite web |title=Q2 2018 Roadshow Slides |url=https://www.arm.com/-/media/global/company/investors/Financial%20Result%20Docs/Arm_SB_Q2_2018_Roadshow_Slides_FINAL.pdf?revision=b8ffe77d-e34f-4dc1-b0ec-69726f536cc6 |website=[[ARM Holdings]] |publisher=[[SoftBank Group]] |year=2018}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Programmable system-on-chip]] (2002{{ndash}}2011) {{ndash}} 1.1{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="cypress">{{cite web |title=2011 Annual Report |url=http://investors.cypress.com/static-files/62237288-5a22-4903-9ef8-3719d37ea699 |website=[[Cypress Semiconductor]] |year=2012 |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016115727/http://investors.cypress.com/static-files/62237288-5a22-4903-9ef8-3719d37ea699 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
| / एक्ट्यूएटर
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |87.7
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013, 2016
| |
| | {{efn|name=Semiconductor}}
| |
| ---
| |
| टुकड़ा
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |53.3
| |
| |2003{{ndash}}2009, 2017{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[Display driver]] chip:
| |
| * [[LCD]] display driver (2003{{ndash}}2005) {{ndash}} 9,821,200,000<ref>{{cite book |title=Tbd: Trends and Forecasts, 2006 Edition |date=2006 |publisher=Fuji Chimera Research Institute, InterLingua Publishing |isbn=9781884730382 |pages=161–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QD7v4AwCdB0C&pg=PA161}}</ref>
| |
| * 2006 {{ndash}} 5.5{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="Nikkei">{{cite news |title=Display Driver Chip Market Heads to Mature Stage, Says iSuppli |url=https://tech.nikkeibp.co.jp/dm/english/NEWS_EN/20080603/152772/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=Nikkei XTECH |publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]] |date=June 3, 2008}}</ref>
| |
| * 2007 {{ndash}} 6.9{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="Nikkei"/>
| |
| * 2008 {{ndash}} 6.9{{nbsp}}billion+ ({{estimation}})
| |
| * 2009 {{ndash}} 8.2{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lawson |first1=Randy |title=Display Driver Integrated Circuit Market Peaks in 2010 |url=https://technology.ihs.com/388793/display-driver-integrated-circuit-market-peaks-in-2010 |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IHS Technology |agency=IHS Markit |date=December 1, 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * 2017{{ndash}}2018 {{ndash}} {{#expr:(7.9/0.97)+7.9 round 1}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Vicki |title=Unit demand for display drivers will rise again in 2022, but lower prices mean sluggish revenue growth will continue |url=https://technology.ihs.com/613550/unit-demand-for-display-drivers-will-rise-again-in-2022-but-lower-prices-mean-sluggish-revenue-growth-will-continue |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IHS Technology |publisher=IHS Markit |date=April 29, 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
| |[[ प्रकाश उत्सर्जक डायोड ]] (एलईडी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:200/4}}
| |
| |2009
| |
| | <ref>{{cite book |title=Minerals Yearbook |date=2009 |publisher=[[United States Bureau of Mines]] |page=27.4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94CJ8nlg7BoC&pg=SA26-PA18}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (एकीकृत सर्किट कार्ड)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |50
| |
| |1977{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | <ref name="gemalto">{{cite web |title=A short review of smart cards (2019 update) |url=https://www.gemalto.com/companyinfo/smart-cards-basics |website=[[Gemalto]] |date=7 October 2019 |access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |34.5
| |
| |2007{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[CMOS image sensor]]:
| |
| * 2007{{ndash}}2017 {{ndash}} 29{{nbsp}}million ({{estimation}})<ref>{{cite news |title=CMOS Image Sensor Sales Stay on Record-Breaking Pace |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/CMOS-Image-Sensor-Sales-Stay-On-RecordBreaking-Pace/ |access-date=6 October 2019 |work=IC Insights |date=May 8, 2018}}</ref>
| |
| * 2018 {{ndash}} {{#expr:6.1/1.11 round 1}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=CMOS Image Sensors Stay on Stairway to Record Revenues |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/CMOS-Image-Sensors-Stay-On-Stairway-To-Record-Revenues/ |website=IC Insights |date=August 27, 2019 |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| |सेमीकंडक्टर
| |
| ---
| |
| (सार्वभौमिक एकीकृत सर्किट कार्ड)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |34.1
| |
| |1991{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[SIM card]] ([[universal integrated circuit card]])
| |
| * 1991{{ndash}}2013 {{ndash}} 7{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anthony |first1=Sebastian |title=The humble SIM card has finally been hacked: Billions of phones at risk of data theft, premium rate scams |url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/161870-the-humble-sim-card-has-finally-been-hacked-billions-of-phones-at-risk-of-data-theft-premium-rate-scams |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=[[ExtremeTech]] |date=July 22, 2013}}</ref>
| |
| * 2014 {{ndash}} 5.2{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Global SIM Card Market Reaches 5.2 Billion Units in 2014—LTE, NFC, M2M Gaining Momentum |url=https://www.abiresearch.com/press/global-sim-card-market-reaches-52-billion-units-in/ |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=ABI Research |date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
| |
| * 2015 {{ndash}} 5.4{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=SIM Card Shipments to Reach 5.6 Billion Units by 2020, IHS Says |url=https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/technology/sim-card-shipments-reach-56-billion-units-2020-ihs-says |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=IHS Markit |date=April 13, 2016}}</ref>
| |
| * 2016 {{ndash}} 5.4{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sword |first1=Alex |title=eSIMs to approach one billion shipments by 2021, report claims |url=https://www.mobileeurope.co.uk/press-wire/esims-to-approach-one-billion-shipments-by-2021-report-claims |work=Mobile Europe |date=4 May 2017 |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809234811/https://www.mobileeurope.co.uk/press-wire/esims-to-approach-one-billion-shipments-by-2021-report-claims |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| |
| * 2017{{ndash}}2018 {{ndash}} {{#expr:5.54+5.53}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sealy |first1=Phil |title=Traditional SIM Cards Giving Way to eSIM |url=https://www.abiresearch.com/blogs/2019/10/17/sim-cards-give-way-to-esim/ |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=ABI Research |date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
| |फ्लैट-पैनल प्रदर्शन (एफपीडी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |30.2
| |
| |1999{{ndash}}2009, 2017{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[Flat-panel display]] (FPD)
| |
| * 1999 {{ndash}} 2.3{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite book |title=Information Technology Outlook 2000 ICTs, E-commerce and the Information Economy: ICTs, E-commerce and the Information Economy |date=2000 |publisher=[[OECD Publishing]] |isbn=9789264181038 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgubAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194 |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| * 2000{{ndash}}2004 {{ndash}} {{#expr:2.3*5}}{{nbsp}}billion ({{estimation}})
| |
| * 2005 {{ndash}} 3.177{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barker |first1=Dennis |title=Flat-panel displays to account for more than 99-percent of all sales by 2015, says DisplaySearch |url=https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4182376/Flat-panel-displays-to-account-for-more-than-99-percent-of-all-sales-by-2015-says-DisplaySearch |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[EDN Network]] |date=February 6, 2008}}</ref>
| |
| * 2006 {{ndash}} 3.5{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogg |first1=Erica |title=Getting the skinny on mobile displays |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/getting-the-skinny-on-mobile-displays/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=October 5, 2006}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Mobile phone]] (2007) {{ndash}} 1.15{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Over a Billion Mobile Phones Sold in 2007 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/02/27/over-a-billion-mobile-phones-sold-in-2007/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=February 27, 2008}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Mobile display]] (2008) {{ndash}} 1.6{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Mobile Handset Display Market to Contract in 2009 |url=https://technology.ihs.com/393488/mobile-handset-display-market-to-contract-in-2009 |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IHS Technology |publisher=IHS Markit |date=February 16, 2009}}</ref>
| |
| * Mobile display (2009) {{ndash}} 1.3{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=OLED Shortages Cause Concerns in Smart Phone Market |url=https://technology.ihs.com/393800/oled-shortages-cause-concerns-in-smart-phone-market |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=IHS Technology |publisher=IHS Markit |date=July 8, 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * Small-medium display (2017{{ndash}}2018) {{ndash}} 5,681.2{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayase |first1=Hiroshi |title=Small Medium Display Market Tracker - Q2 2019 |url=https://technology.ihs.com/529800/small-medium-display-market-tracker |website=IHS Technology |publisher=IHS Markit |date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| |rowspan = 2 |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |30
| |
| |1963{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Stock Video of Angled view of Compact cassette tape in use playing back in a deck player |url=https://stock.adobe.com/hk/video/angled-view-of-compact-cassette-tape-in-use-playing-back-in-a-deck-player-tapes-are-the-most-popular-analogue-audio-format-ever-created-with-over-30-billion-blank-or-pre-recorded-cassettes-produced-t/285566495 |website=[[Adobe Stock]] |publisher=[[Adobe Inc.]] |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| |अनुप्रयोग-विशिष्ट एकीकृत परिपथ (एएसआईसी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |25.6
| |
| |2002{{ndash}}2013
| |
| | {{efn|name=Semiconductor}}
| |
| |सेमीकंडक्टर
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |22.1
| |
| |1967{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Card and Mobile Payment Industry Statistics |url=https://nilsonreport.com/publication_chart_and_graphs_archive.php |website=The Nilson Report |access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| |rowspan = 9 |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
| (डीवीडी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |20
| |
| |1996{{ndash}}2012
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Pan |first1=Joann |title=Warner Bros. Offers In-Store DVD-to-Cloud Service [VIDEO] |url=https://mashable.com/2012/03/07/warner-bros-disc-to-digital/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[Mashable]] |date=March 7, 2012}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |19.4
| |
| |1994{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|[[Mobile phone]]:
| |
| * 1994{{ndash}}2010 {{ndash}} 10{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 5 billion mobiles worldwide |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10569081 |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |agency=[[BBC]] |date=9 July 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Smartphone]] (2011{{ndash}}2018) {{ndash}} 9.401{{nbsp}}billion{{efn|name=Smartphone}}
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |10.1
| |
| |2007{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | {{efn|name=Smartphone|[[Smartphone]]:
| |
| * 2007{{ndash}}2010 {{ndash}} {{#expr:122.32+139.29+172.38+296.65 round 0}}{{nbsp}}million<ref name="smartphone">{{cite web |title=Cell phone sales worldwide 2007-2018 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/263437/global-smartphone-sales-to-end-users-since-2007/ |website=[[Statista]] |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| * 2011{{ndash}}2013 {{ndash}} {{#expr:(472+680.11+969.72)/1000 round 3}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="smartphone"/>
| |
| * 2014{{ndash}}2015 {{ndash}} {{#expr:1.26+1.43}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=7 of the Top 10 Smartphone Suppliers Headquartered in China |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/7-Of-The-Top-10-Smartphone-Suppliers-Headquartered-In-China/ |access-date=25 October 2019 |work=IC Insights |date=June 15, 2017}}</ref>
| |
| * 2016{{ndash}}2018 {{ndash}} {{#expr:(1495.96+1536.54+1556.27)/1000 round 3}}{{nbsp}}billion<ref name="smartphone"/>
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |10
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2000
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |last1=Schildgen |first1=Bob |title=What Do I Do With Old VCR Tapes? |url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/what-do-i-do-old-vcr-tapes |website=[[Sierra Club]] |access-date=15 October 2019 |date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lyman |first1=Peter |last2=Varian |first2=Hal R. |last3=Dunn |first3=James |last4=Strygin |first4=Aleksey |last5=Swearingen |first5=Kirsten |title=Magnetic |url=http://groups.ischool.berkeley.edu/archive/how-much-info/magnetic.html |website=How Much Information? 2000 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley School of Information]] |date=October 18, 2000 |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (HDD)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:(375.56+403.7+424.07+468.73+563.94+551.96+578.47+622.3+651.32+557.15+540.28+501.88+435.88+381.16+305.2+244.4+207.4+196+200.1+174.4+144.97+130.5+105.02+89.57+70+51.86+43.91+32.59+27.88+22.18+17.77+13.19+7.41+4.89+3.65+1.97+0.95+0.7+0.51+0.39+0.31+0.24+0.18)/1000 round 2}}
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2018
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Global shipments hard disk drives (HDD) 1976-2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/398951/global-shipment-figures-for-hard-disk-drives/ |website=[[Statista]] |date=February 2019 |access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (चिप और पिन) [[ स्मार्ट कार्ड ]] [[ भुगतान कार्ड ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |8.2
| |
| |1995{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | <ref name="gemalto"/>---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |7
| |
| |1954{{ndash}}2012
| |
| | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Skrabec |first1=Quentin R. |title=The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia |date=2012 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=9780313398636 |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kc69qrid9oC&pg=PA197}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (पीसी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |6.93
| |
| |1975{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | {{efn|name=PC|See {{Section link|Market share of personal computer vendors|Unit sales}}.}}
| |
| ---
| |
| |[[ नंद फ्लैश ]] [[ फ्लैश मेमोरी कंट्रोलर ]] चिप
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |5
| |
| |2007{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |title=CFMS 2017: an event beyond expectations for the storage industry |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/cfms-2017-an-event-beyond-expectations-for-the-storage-industry-1002358369 |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=[[Markets Insider]] |publisher=[[Insider Inc.]] |date=September 11, 2017}}</ref>
| |
| |rowspan = 5 | अर्धचालक
| |
| ---
| |
| ([[ रेडियो-फ्रीक्वेंसी इंजीनियरिंग ]] | रेडियो-फ्रीक्वेंसी [[ सीएमओएस ]]) [[ आरएफ स्विच ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |5
| |
| |2000{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |title=Infineon Hits Bulk-CMOS RF Switch Milestone |url=https://www.eetasia.com/news/article/18112004-infineon-hits-bulk-cmos-rf-switch-milestone |access-date=26 October 2019 |work=[[EE Times]] |date=20 November 2018 |language=en-PH}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |4.81
| |
| |1997{{ndash}}2001
| |
| | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Ning-Cheng |title=Reflow Soldering Processes |date=2002 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |isbn=9780080492247 |pages=16–7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3O_usSajcIC&pg=SA1-PA16}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| [[ साउंड चिप ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |3.78
| |
| |2013
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |title=Cirrus to take half audio codec and hub IC market, says report |url=https://www.eenewsanalog.com/news/cirrus-take-half-audio-codec-and-hub-ic-market-says-report |access-date=25 October 2019 |work=eeNews Analog |publisher=European Business Press SA |date=26 June 2014}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (यु एस बी)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |3.7
| |
| |2011
| |
| | <ref name="cypress"/>---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |3.4
| |
| |1983{{ndash}}2013
| |
| | {{efn|[[Video game cartridge]]:
| |
| * [[Nintendo consoles]] (1983{{ndash}}2013) {{ndash}} 2,910.72{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web |title=Consolidated Sales Transition by Region |url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1112.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220072229/http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1112.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2013 |publisher=[[Nintendo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Sega Genesis/Mega Drive]] (1988{{ndash}}1997) {{ndash}} {{#expr:30.75*16 round -1}}{{nbsp}}million ({{estimation}})<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zackariasson|first1=Peter|last2=Wilson|first2=Timothy L.|last3=Ernkvist|first3=Mirko|title=The Video Game Industry: Formation, Present State, and Future|chapter=Console Hardware: The Development of Nintendo Wii|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=978-1-138-80383-1|page=158}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sega Lowers Price on Hardware, Software |url=http://www.sega.com/buzz/press_releases/june97/pricedrop.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970630063324/http://www.sega.com/buzz/press_releases/june97/pricedrop.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 30, 1997 |access-date=October 22, 2018 |work=Sega Online: Buzz (Press Releases) |publisher=[[Sega]] |date=June 4, 1997}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| |rowspan = 3 | उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
| |[[ स्मार्ट कार्ड ]] [[ भुगतान कार्ड ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:(10/1.02)*0.31 round 2}}
| |
| |2018
| |
| | <ref name="gemalto"/>---
| |
| ([[ टीवी सेट ]])
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |3
| |
| |1936{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | {{efn|[[Television set]] (TV set)
| |
| * 1936{{ndash}}1996 {{ndash}} 1{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goldstein |first1=Ben |last2=Jones |first2=Ceri |title=Uncover Level 2 Student's Book |date=2015 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781107493209 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PsGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |page=72}}</ref>
| |
| * TVs with [[MediaTek]] [[display driver]] chips (1997{{ndash}}2019) {{ndash}} 2{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=MediaTek Introduces Highly Integrated Chipset for Feature-Rich 4K UHD Smart TVs |url=https://www.mediatek.com/news-events/press-releases/mediatek-introduces-highly-integrated-chipset-for-feature-rich-4k-uhd-smart-tvs |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[MediaTek]] |date=25 September 2019}}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| ---
| |
| |सिंक्रोनस [[ स्टेटिक रैंडम-एक्सेस मेमोरी ]] [[ मेमोरी चिप ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |2.7
| |
| |1995{{ndash}}2015
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Synchronous SRAM |url=https://www.cypress.com/products/synchronous-sram |website=[[Cypress Semiconductor]] |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113084946/http://www.cypress.com/products/synchronous-sram |archive-date=13 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| |
| |सेमीकंडक्टर
| |
| ---
| |
| (GPU)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |2
| |
| |1996{{ndash}}2014
| |
| | {{efn|[[Graphics processing unit]] (GPU)
| |
| * [[PowerVR]] (1996{{ndash}}2001) {{ndash}} 1{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 1 billion units shipped by Imagination partners |url=https://www.imgtec.com/news/press-release/over-1-billion-units-shipped-by-imagination-partners/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |publisher=[[Imagination Technologies]] |date=11 January 2001}}</ref>
| |
| * [[GeForce]] (1999{{ndash}}2014) {{ndash}} 1{{nbsp}}billion<ref>{{cite web |last1=True |first1=Thomas |title=GPUs in Media and Entertainment |url=https://www.smpte.org/sections/san-francisco/events/gpus-media-and-entertainment |website=[[Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers]] |date=February 27, 2014 |access-date=15 October 2019 |archive-date=15 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015185744/https://www.smpte.org/sections/san-francisco/events/gpus-media-and-entertainment |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
| |शॉर्ट-रेंज डिवाइस | शॉर्ट-रेंज [[ वायरलेस ]] [[ इंटीग्रेटेड सर्किट ]] चिप
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:2/1.2 round 2}}
| |
| |2009
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Happich |first1=Julien |title=Global shipments of short range wireless ICs to exceed 2 billion units in 2010 |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1254987 |access-date=25 October 2019 |work=[[EE Times]] |date=24 February 2010}}</ref>
| |
| |सेमीकंडक्टर
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.58
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | {{efn|name=Game|See {{Section link|List of best-selling game consoles|Total console sales by firm}} ({{estimation}})}}
| |
| |rowspan = 3 |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.45
| |
| |2010{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | {{efn|name=PC}}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.3
| |
| |1996{{ndash}}2007
| |
| | <ref>{{cite news |title=DVD format war to continue |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/dvd-format-war-to-continue/ |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=1 October 2007}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{#expr:(424255+18630+309158+14211+290122+11504+218747+12656)/1000000 round 2}}
| |
| |1966{{ndash}}1970
| |
| | <ref>{{cite book |title=Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant |date=1971 |publisher=[[United States Tariff Commission]] |page=A-12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMd3Bnxfdy0C&pg=SL1-PA12}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.26
| |
| |1950{{ndash}}2005
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=World |url=http://cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/xx.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227194222/http://cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/xx.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2006 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=27 December 2006}}</ref>
| |
| |rowspan = 7 |उपभोक्ता
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.24
| |
| |2010{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | {{efn|name=PC}}
| |
| ---
| |
| |[[ होस्ट कंट्रोलर इंटरफ़ेस ]]
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.2
| |
| |1997{{ndash}}2011
| |
| | <ref name="cypress"/>---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1.14
| |
| |2010{{ndash}}2017
| |
| | {{efn|name=PC}}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही | {{formatnum:{{#expr:1.02827 round 2}}|}}
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2019
| |
| | {{efn|name=Game}}
| |
| ---
| |
|
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1
| |
| |1982{{ndash}}2004
| |
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=Super Audio CD Player |url=https://www.ip.philips.com/licensing/program/48/super-audio-cd-player-joint |website=[[Philips]] |access-date=15 October 2019 |date=October 2004}}</ref>
| |
| ---
| |
| (वीसीआर)
| |
| |संरेखित = सही |1
| |
| |1976{{ndash}}2006
| |
| | <ref>{{cite journal |title=JVC: The Perfect Experience |journal=[[Superbrands]] |date=5 April 2006 |volume=2 |pages=72–3 |url=https://library.superbrands.com/online-ebook-html5/UAE%20Volume%203/index.html?_ga=2.71055061.471964416.1571139219-1437249055.1571139219#page=66}}</ref>
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| == यह भी देखें == | | == यह भी देखें == |
| * उपभोक्ता [[ इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ]] | | * उपभोक्ता [[ इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स |इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स]] |
| * [[ इलेक्ट्रॉनिक इंजीनियरिंग ]] | | * [[ इलेक्ट्रॉनिक इंजीनियरिंग |इलेक्ट्रॉनिक इंजीनियरिंग]] |
| * इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स | | * इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स |
| * [[ माइक्रोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ]] | | * [[ माइक्रोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स |माइक्रोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स]] |
| * मोसफेट | | * मोसफेट |
| * [[ एकीकृत परिपथ ]] | | * [[ एकीकृत परिपथ |एकीकृत परिपथ]] |
| * [[ नैनोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ]] | | * [[ नैनोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स |नैनोइलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स]] |
| * [[ बिजली के इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ]] | | * [[ बिजली के इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स |बिजली के इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स]] |
| * अर्धचालक | | * अर्धचालक |
| * [[ सिलिकॉन ]] | | * [[ सिलिकॉन |सिलिकॉन]] |
| * [[ तकनीकी ]] | | * [[ तकनीकी ]] |
|
| |
|