Module:Internet Archive

Documentation for this module may be created at Module:Internet Archive/doc

--[[ 

For functions related to Internet Archive

Notes: 

1. Internet Archive runs Elasticsearch search engine as of 4 Nov 2015 

2. Program flowchart:

   Break name down into number of words
     Build a base URL based on number of words (1,2,3,4,5+), use of sopt=t switch, and availability of birth-death dates
       If any words contain extended-ascii characters
         append extra code for wildcards based on sopt=t or w         
   return finished URL

3. URL length should not exceed 2000 characters or it will break certain popular browsers

4. Wildcard (*) replacements should be avoided in the first letter of the first word, and with any single-letter words
  
5. Changing search formulations will have impacts on existing uses of the template and off-line tools which are optimized for these search recipes. 
  
]]

local p = {}

--[[ 

For Template:Internet Archive author

]]
function p.author(frame)

  local pframe = frame:getParent()
  local args = pframe.args

  local tname = "Internet Archive author"                       -- name of calling template. Change if template rename.
  
  local name = nil                                              -- article name (default: current page name)
  dname = nil                                                   -- display name (default: current page name)
  local sname = nil                                             -- search name (default: current page name)
  local sopt = nil                                              -- search options (default: nil)
  byabout = "Works by or about"
  tagline = "at [[Internet Archive]]"
  urlhead = "https://archive.org/search.php?query="
  mydate = ""                                                   -- birth-death date
                                                 
  --- Determine name
  name = trimArg(args.name)                                     -- When using template outside main article space, the 'name' parameter is required (not optional)
  if not name then
    name = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
  end
  dname = mw.ustring.gsub(name,'%s+%([^%(]-%)$', '')            -- Remove the final disambig parentheses
  sname = dname
  if trimArg(args.sname) then                                       
    sname = trimArg(args.sname)
  end
  if trimArg(args.dname) then
    dname = trimArg(args.dname)
  end
 
  --- Determine search option
  sopt = trimArg(args.sopt)
  if sopt then
    sopt =  mw.ustring.lower(sopt)
    if sopt == "tight" then sopt = "t" end
    if sopt == "tightx" then sopt = "tx" end
    if sopt == "wild" then sopt = "w" end
    if sopt ~= "t" and sopt ~= "tx" and sopt ~= "w" then sopt = "unknown"  end
  end

  --- Determine tagline
  if trimArg(args.coda) then
    tagline = tagline .. " " .. trimArg(args.coda)
  end

  --- Custom search. Do early to avoid unnecessary processing. 
  if trimArg(args.search) then
    local search = p.ia_url_encode(trimArg(args.search))
    return "[" .. urlhead .. search .. " " .. byabout .. " " .. dname .. "] " .. tagline
  end

  -- Determine media string
  media = p.mediaTypes(args.media)
  if media == "" then
    mediaopen = "%28" -- added a default mediatype Dec 2015 see p.mediaTypes()
  else
    mediaopen = "%28"
  end

  -- Determine date of birth and death 
  local temp = mw.text.split(p.bdDate(args.birth, args.death, name), " ")
  local birth = temp[1]
  local death = temp[2]
  if birth == "Error" or death == "Error" then
    return "Error in [[:Template:"..tname.."]]: [[" ..name.. "]] doesn't exist."
  end

  --- Split sname into words and count words
  local N = mw.text.split(sname, " ")
  local l, count = mw.ustring.gsub(sname, "%S+", "")
  if count == 0 then
    return "Error in [[:Template:"..tname.."]]: Zero-word name."
  end 

  --- Date string
  if birth ~= "none" and death ~= "none" then
    if p.ia_extendedascii(N[count]) == 1 then
      mydate = "%20OR%20%28%22"..birth.."-"..death.."%22%20AND%20%28%22"..p.urlX(N[count]).."%22%20OR%20"..p.urlX(p.ia_deaccent(N[count])).."%29%29"
    else
      mydate = "%20OR%20%28%22"..birth.."-"..death.."%22%20AND%20"..p.urlX(N[count]).."%29"
    end
  end

  --- wild string
  wild = "%29"           
  if sopt == "w" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
    if p.wildcheck(N, count) == 1 then    
      myurl = p.wildfix(N, count)
      return p.IArender()
    end
    if count < 3 or count > 3 then
      -- (first last)
      wild = "%20OR%20%28" .. p.ia_url_encode(p.ia_extendedascii2wildcard(sname)) .. "%29%29"
    end
    if count == 3 then
      -- (first last)
      wild = "%20OR%20%28" .. p.ia_url_encode(p.ia_extendedascii2wildcard(N[1])) .. "%20" .. p.ia_url_encode(p.ia_extendedascii2wildcard(N[3])) .. "%29%29"
    end
  end
 
  --[[ 

      Format URL

  ]]

    if count == 1 then 

      myurl = p.oneWord(sname)
 
      if sopt == "t" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        local plainname = p.ia_deaccent(sname)       
        local A1 = "%20OR%20%22"..p.urlX(plainname)
        myurl = myurl .. A1 .. "%22"
        return p.IArender()
      end

      return p.IArender()
    
    end

    if count == 2 then
 
      myurl = p.twoWords(N, sopt)
    
      if sopt == "t" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        local plainname = p.ia_deaccent(sname)
        local PN = mw.text.split(plainname, " ") 
        -- Last, First
        local A1 = "%20OR%20%22"..p.urlX(PN[2]).."%2C%20"..p.urlX(PN[1])
        -- First Last
        local A2 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..p.urlX(PN[1]).."%20"..p.urlX(PN[2])
        myurl = myurl .. A1 .. A2 .. "%22"
        return p.IArender()
      end

      return p.IArender()

    end

    if count == 3 then

      myurl = p.threeWords(N, sopt)

      if sopt == "t" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        local plainname = p.ia_deaccent(sname)
        local PN = mw.text.split(plainname, " ") 
        local FIRST  = p.urlX(PN[1])
        local MIDDLE = p.urlX(PN[2])
        local LAST   = p.urlX(PN[3])
        local firstinitialp  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(PN[1]) )
        local middleinitialp  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(PN[2]) )
        -- First Middle Last
        local A1 = "%20OR%20%22"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
        -- Last, First Middle
        local A2 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE
        -- Last, First M.
        local A3 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitialp.."%2E"
        -- Last, F. M.
        local A4 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitialp..".%20"..middleinitialp.."%2E"
        local ALL = A1 .. A2 .. A3 .. A4 .. "%22"
        myurl = myurl .. ALL
        return p.IArender()
      end

      return p.IArender()

    end

    if count == 4 then

      myurl = p.fourWords(N, sopt)

      if sopt == "t" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        local plainname = p.ia_deaccent(sname)
        local PN = mw.text.split(plainname, " ") 
        local FIRST  = p.urlX(PN[1])
        local SECOND = p.urlX(PN[2])
        local THIRD  = p.urlX(PN[3])
        local LAST   = p.urlX(PN[4])
        local firstinitialp  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(PN[1]) )
        local secondinitialp  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(PN[2]) )
        local thirdinitialp  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(PN[3]) )
        -- Last, First Second Third
        local A1 = "%20OR%20%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD
        -- First Second Third Last
        local A2 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
        -- Last, F. S. T.
        local A3 = "%22%20OR%20%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitialp.."%2E%20"..secondinitialp.."%2E%20"..thirdinitialp.."%2E"
        local ALL = A1 .. A2 .. A3 .. "%22"
        myurl = myurl .. ALL 
        return p.IArender()
      end 

      return p.IArender()

    end

    if count > 4 then

      myurl = ""

      if sopt == "w" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        myurl = "%28"
      end

      myurl = myurl .. "%28" .. p.ia_url_encode(sname) 

      if sopt == "w" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        myurl = myurl .. "%29"
      end
 
      if sopt == "t" and p.ia_extendedascii(sname) == 1 then
        local plainname = p.ia_deaccent(sname)       
        local A1 = "%29%20OR%20%28"..p.ia_url_encode(plainname)
        myurl = myurl .. A1 
        return p.IArender()
      end

      return p.IArender()

    end

  return "Unknown error (1). Please check documentation for [[Template:"..tname.."]]"

end

-- Build final output and render
function p.IArender() 

   return "[" .. urlhead .. mediaopen .. myurl .. wild .. mydate .. media .. " " .. byabout .. " " .. dname .. "] " .. tagline

end

function p.oneWord(sname)

      local nameurl = p.ia_url_encode(sname)
      local A1 = "%28subject%3A%22"..nameurl
      local A2 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..nameurl
      local A3 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..nameurl
      local A4 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..nameurl
      return A1 .. A2 .. A3 .. A4 .. "%22"
end

function p.twoWords(N, sopt)
      local FIRST  = p.urlX(N[1])
      local LAST   = p.urlX(N[2])
      local firstinitial  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(N[1]) )

      -- Last, First
      local S1 = "%28subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
      -- First Last
      local S2 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
      local SALL = S1..S2
      -- Last, First
      local C1 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
      -- First Last
      local C2 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
      local CALL = C1..C2
      -- First Last
      local T1 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
      local TALL = T1
      -- Last, First
      local D1 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
      -- First Last
      local D2 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
      local DALL = D1..D2

      if sopt == "t" or sopt == "tx" then
        return SALL .. CALL .. TALL .. DALL .. "%22"
      else
        -- Last, F.
        local C3 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitial.."%2E"
        local CALL = CALL..C3
        return SALL .. CALL .. TALL .. DALL .. "%22"
      end

end

function p.threeWords(N, sopt)
      -- CAUTION: The following is near the max 2000 character URL limit for most browsers when using long names 
      --          such as "René-Nicolas Dufriche Desgenettes". 

      local FIRST  = p.urlX(N[1])
      local MIDDLE = p.urlX(N[2])
      local LAST   = p.urlX(N[3])
      local firstinitial  = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(N[1]) )
      local middleinitial = p.urlX( p.firstLetter(N[2]) )

      -- Last, First Middle
      local S1 = "%28subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE
      -- Last, First M.
      local S2 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E"
      -- Last, F. M.
      local S3 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E"
      -- First Middle Last
      local S4 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
      -- First M. Last
      local S5 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- F. M. Last
      local S6 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      local SALL = S1..S2..S3..S4..S5..S6
      -- First Middle Last
      local C1 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
      -- First M. Last
      local C2 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- F. M. Last
      local C3 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- F. Middle Last
      local C4 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
      -- Last, First Middle
      local C5 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE
      -- Last, First M.
      local C6 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E"
      -- Last, F. M.
      local C7 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E"
      -- Last, F. M.
      local C8 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..MIDDLE
      local CALL = C1..C2..C3..C4..C5..C6..C7..C8
      -- First Middle Last
      local T1 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
      -- First M. Last
      local T2 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- F. M. Last
      local T3 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      local TALL = T1..T2..T3
      -- First Middle Last
      local D1 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE.."%20"..LAST
      -- First M. Last
      local D2 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- F. M. Last
      local D3 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..middleinitial.."%2E%20"..LAST
      -- Last, First Middle
      local D4 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..MIDDLE
      -- Last, First M.
      local D5 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..middleinitial.."%2E"
      local DALL = D1..D2..D3..D4..D5

      if sopt == "t" or sopt == "tx" then
        return SALL .. CALL .. TALL .. DALL .. "%22"
      else
        -- Last, First
        local S7 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
        -- First Last
        local S8 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
        local SALL = SALL..S7..S8
        -- First Last
        local C9 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
        -- Last, First
        local C10 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
        local CALL = CALL..C9..C10
        -- First Last
        local T4 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
        local TALL = TALL..T4
        -- First Last
        local D6 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..LAST
        -- Last, First
        local D7 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST
        local DALL = DALL..D6..D7

        return SALL .. CALL .. TALL .. DALL .. "%22"
      end
end

function p.fourWords(N, sopt)

      local FIRST  = p.urlX(N[1])
      local SECOND = p.urlX(N[2])
      local THIRD  = p.urlX(N[3])
      local LAST   = p.urlX(N[4])

      local firstinitial  = p.firstLetter(N[1])
      local secondinitial  = p.firstLetter(N[2])
      local thirdinitial = p.firstLetter(N[3])

      if sopt == "t" or sopt == "tx" then
        -- Last, First Second Third
        local S1 = "%28subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD
        -- First Second Third Last
        local S2 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
        -- Last, First Second Third
        local C1 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD
        -- First Second Third Last
        local C2 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
        -- First Second Third Last
        local T1 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
        -- First Second Third Last
        local D1 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST

        return S1..S2..C1..C2..T1..D1.."%22"
      end

      -- Last, First Second Third
      local S1 = "%28subject%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD
      -- First Second Third Last
      local S2 = "%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
      -- Last, First Second Third
      local C1 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD
      -- First Second Third Last
      local C2 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
      -- Last, F. S. T.
      local C3 = "%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22"..LAST.."%2C%20"..firstinitial.."%2E%20"..secondinitial.."%2E%20"..thirdinitial.."%2E"
      -- First Second Third Last
      local T1 = "%22%20OR%20title%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST
      -- First Second Third Last
      local D1 = "%22%20OR%20description%3A%22"..FIRST.."%20"..SECOND.."%20"..THIRD.."%20"..LAST

      return S1..S2..C1..C2..C3..T1..D1.."%22"

end

-- ElasticSearch speed/resource problems if first letter of first word is "*" wildcard ie. accented letter
--  Build special search in these cases.
--  https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_wildcards
function p.wildfix(N, count)

  --- Split along "-" and use only first word ie. John-Taylor-Smith becomes John
  local NF = mw.text.split(N[1], "-")
  local NL = mw.text.split(N[count], "-")

  -- ..but use full name for 1-word names
  if count == 1 then
    NF[1] = N[1]
    NL[1] = N[1]
  end
  
  -- ((Fïrst OR First) AND (Lást OR Last))
  return "%28%28%22" .. NF[1] .. "%22%20OR%20" .. p.ia_deaccent(NF[1]) .. "%29%20AND%20%28%22" .. NL[1] .. "%22%20OR%20" .. p.ia_deaccent(NL[1]) .. "%29"

end

-- Return 1 if the first letter of first word, or any single-letter word, is extended ascii
function p.wildcheck(N, count)      
  local i = 0

  -- first letter of first word is extended ascii
  if N[1]:byte(1) < 32 or N[1]:byte(1) > 126 then return 1 end

  -- any single-letter word that is composed of only extended ascii
  while i < count do
    i = i + 1
    if N[i]:len() == 1 then
      if N[i]:byte(1) < 32 or N[i]:byte(1) > 126 then return 1 end
    end
  end
  return 0
end

function trimArg(arg)
  if arg == "" or arg == nil then
    return nil
  else
    return mw.text.trim(arg)
  end
end

function p.mediaTypes(argsmedia)

  -- Added a default mediatype Dec 2015 due to too many false positives in the software mediatype, caused by birth-death dates catching numbers in source codes
  local media = "-mediatype:software"

  if argsmedia ~="" and argsmedia ~=nil then
    local medialist = mw.text.split(mw.text.trim(argsmedia), " ")
    local al, acount = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(argsmedia), "%S+", "")
    local i = 0
    repeat -- the following could be condensed but repetitive for clarity 
      i = i + 1
      if(mw.ustring.lower(medialist[i]) == "text" or mw.ustring.lower(medialist[i]) == "texts") then
        media = media .. p.ia_url_encode(" OR mediatype:texts")         
      end
      if(mw.ustring.lower(medialist[i]) == "audio") then
        media = media .. p.ia_url_encode(" OR mediatype:audio")
      end
      if(mw.ustring.lower(medialist[i]) == "video") then
        media = media .. p.ia_url_encode(" OR mediatype:video")
      end
    until i == acount
  end

  media = "%29%20AND%20%28" .. media .. "%29"

  return media

end

-- Alt way to get b/d dates via getContent()
function p.bdDateAlt(argsbirth, argsdeath, name)

    local pagetext = nil
    local birth = "none"
    local death = "none"

    -- Load the page
    local t = mw.title.new(name)
    if(t.exists) then
      pagetext = t:getContent()
    end
    if pagetext == nil then 
      return "Error"     
    end
 
    -- Remove false positives
    pagetext = mw.ustring.gsub( mw.ustring.gsub(pagetext, "<!--.--->", ""), "<nowiki>.-</nowiki>", "")
 
    -- "Category:1900 births" 
    if argsbirth == "" or argsbirth == nil then
      local birthcheck = mw.ustring.match(pagetext, "%[%[%s-[Cc]ategory:%s-%d+%.?%d*%s-births%s-%]%]" )
      if birthcheck ~= nil then
        birth = mw.ustring.match(birthcheck, "%d+%.?%d*")
      else
        birth = "none"
      end
    else
      birth = mw.text.trim(argsbirth)
    end

    -- "Category:2000 deaths" 
    if argsdeath == "" or argsdeath == nil then
      local deathcheck = mw.ustring.match(pagetext, "%[%[%s-[Cc]ategory:%s-%d+%.?%d*%s-deaths%s-%]%]" )
      if deathcheck ~= nil then
        death = mw.ustring.match(deathcheck, "%d+%.?%d*")
      else
        death = "none"
      end
    else
      death = mw.text.trim(argsdeath)
    end

    return birth .. " " .. death

end

-- Get b/d dates via Wikidata.
-- ‎ 
function p.bdDate(argsbirth, argsdeath, name)

  local pagetext = nil
  local birth = "none"
  local death = "none"

  
  entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()
  if not entity or not entity.claims then 
    -- Alternative if template not on a page in mainspace. This is needed since Wikidata can only be retrieved
    -- for the article where the template is located.
    return p.bdDateAlt(argsbirth, argsdeath, name)
  end

  -- Note: The below uses formatPropertyValues() to get and format the date from Wikidata.
  --       For an alternative method, see sandbox revision dated 5:58 am, 15 October 2014
  if argsbirth == "" or argsbirth == nil then
    local birthtable = entity:formatPropertyValues( 'P569' )
    local birthsplit = mw.text.split(birthtable["value"], " ")
    local l, count = mw.ustring.gsub(birthtable["value"], "%S+", "")
    if count > 0 then
      if string.find(birthsplit[count], "^%d") then
        birth = birthsplit[count]
      elseif string.find(birthsplit[count], "BCE") then
        birth = birthsplit[count - 1]
      elseif string.find(birthsplit[count], "BC") then
        birth = birthsplit[count - 1]
      elseif string.find(birthsplit[count], "AD") then
        birth = birthsplit[count - 1]
      end
    end
  else
    birth = mw.text.trim(argsbirth)
  end

  if argsdeath == "" or argsdeath == nil then
    local deathtable = entity:formatPropertyValues( 'P570' )
    local deathsplit = mw.text.split(deathtable["value"], " ")
    local l, count = mw.ustring.gsub(deathtable["value"], "%S+", "")
    if count > 0 then
      if string.find(deathsplit[count], "^%d") then
        death = deathsplit[count]
      elseif string.find(deathsplit[count], "BCE") then
        death = deathsplit[count - 1]
      elseif string.find(deathsplit[count], "BC") then
        death = deathsplit[count - 1]
      elseif string.find(deathsplit[count], "AD") then
        death = deathsplit[count - 1]
      end
    end
  else
    death = mw.text.trim(argsdeath)
  end

  if birth == "none" and death == "none" then 
    -- Alternative if Wikidata is missing data
    -- return p.bdDateAlt(name)
    return birth .. " " .. death
  else
    return birth .. " " .. death
  end

end

--- URL-encode special characters
--- Note: this function was added later to deal with "&" characters instead of using p.ia_url_encode since 
---       that may break existing instances of the template.
function p.urlX(str)
  if (str) then
    str = mw.ustring.gsub (str, "&", "%%26")
  end
  return str
end

--- URL-encode a string
--- http://lua-users.org/wiki/StringRecipes
---
function p.ia_url_encode(str)
  if (str) then
    str = mw.ustring.gsub (str, "\n", "\r\n")
    str = mw.ustring.gsub (str, "([^%w %-%_%.%~])",
        function (c) return mw.ustring.format ("%%%02X", string.byte(c)) end)
    str = mw.ustring.gsub (str, " ", "+")
  end
  return str	
end

-- Does str contain extended ascii? 1 = yes
function p.ia_extendedascii(str)
    for i = 1, str:len() do
      if (str:byte(i) >= 32 and str:byte(i) <= 126) and str:byte(i) ~= 39 then -- 39 = "'" 
        --do nothing
      else
        return 1
      end
    end
    return 0
end

-- UTF-8 aware replacement for string.sub() which doesn't support UTF-8.
-- Note: Using instead of mw.ustring.sub() which I suspect(?) might be cause of intermittent error, and faster here for first-letter job.
-- Source: prapin @ Stack Overflow http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13235091/extract-the-first-letter-of-a-utf-8-string-with-lua
function p.firstLetter(str)
  return str:match("[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*")
end


-- Replace all extended ascii characters with wildcard '*'
-- Replace "-" with <space> eg. Pierre-Jean -> Pierre Jean
function p.ia_extendedascii2wildcard(str)
    local s = ""
    local j = 0
    local k = 0    
    for i = 1, str:len() do
      k = str:byte(i)
      if k >= 32 and k <= 126 then
-- For list of Lucene special characters needing to be escaped: 
-- http://lucene.apache.org/core/4_10_0/queryparser/org/apache/lucene/queryparser/classic/package-summary.html#Escaping_Special_Characters
-- We only worry about - (45) and " (34) since the others are unlikely to appear in a proper name.
-- Also ' (39) since it is sometimes the extended character ’
        if k == 34 or k == 39 then 
          s = s .. "*" 
        elseif k == 45 then
          s = s .. " "
        else
          s = s .. str:sub(i,i)
        end
      else
        if j == 1 then
          s = s .. "*"
          j = 2
        end
        if j == 0 then j = 1 end
        if j == 2 then j = 0 end
      end
    end
    return s
end

-- Replace accented letters with non-accented equivalent letters
-- Note: this is not a complete list of all possible accented letters. It is 
--       all of the accented letters found in the first 10,000 names using 
--       the Internet Archive author template.
function p.ia_deaccent(str)
    local s = str

    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "á", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "a︡", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Á", "A")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ă", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "â", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "æ", "ae")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Æ", "AE")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "à", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ā", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ā", "A")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ą", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "å", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Å", "A")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ã", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ä", "a")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ä", "A")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "β", "B")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ć", "c")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "č", "c")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Č", "C")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ç", "c")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ç", "C")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ĉ", "c")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ď", "d")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "đ", "d")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "é", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "É", "E")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ě", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ê", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "è", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "È", "E")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ε", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ē", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ē", "E")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ę", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ð", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ë", "e")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ë", "E")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "γ", "Y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ħ", "h")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "i︠a︡", "ia")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "í", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "i︠", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ĭ", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Í", "I")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "î", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Î", "I")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ì", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ī", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ł", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ï", "i")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ï", "I")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ĺ", "I")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ĺ", "L")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "μ", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "µ", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ń", "n")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ň", "n")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ņ", "n")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ñ", "n")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ñ", "N")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ó", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ó", "O")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ô", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "œ", "oe")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ò", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ō", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ø", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ø", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "õ", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ö", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ő", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ö", "O")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "φ", "o")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ŕ", "r")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ř", "r")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ř", "R")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ß", "ss")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ś", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ś", "S")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "š", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ṣ", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Š", "S")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ş", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ş", "S")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ŝ", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "σ", "s")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ť", "t")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ţ", "t")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "τ", "t")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "þ", "p")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Þ", "p")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ú", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ú", "U")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "û", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ù", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ū", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ů", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ü", "u")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ü", "U")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ŵ", "w")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ý", "y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ŷ", "y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "¥", "y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ÿ", "y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ÿ", "Y")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ź", "z")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ž", "Z")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ž", "z")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "ż", "z")
    s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "Ż", "Z")

    return s

end

return p