गेज (यंत्र)

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विज्ञान और अभियांत्रिकी में गेज, एक उपकरण है जिसका उपयोग माप करने या कुछ आयामी जानकारी प्रदर्शित करने के लिए किया जाता है। विभिन्न प्रकार के उपकरण मौजूद हैं जो ऐसे कार्य करते हैं, सामग्री के साधारण टुकड़ों से लेकर जिनके आकार को मापा जा सकता है, मशीनरी के जटिल टुकड़ों तक। उपयोग के आधार पर, गेज को भौतिक मात्रा मापने के लिए एक उपकरण के रूप में वर्णित किया जा सकता है,[1] उदाहरण के लिए मोटाई, स्थान में अंतर, सामग्री का व्यास, या प्रवाह का दबाव निर्धारित करने के लिए,[2] या एक उपकरण जो एक सुई या पॉइंटर के उपयोग से मॉनिटर किए गए सिस्टम का माप प्रदर्शित करता है जो एक कैलिब्रेटेड स्केल के साथ चलता है।[3]


मूल प्रकार

सभी गेजों को उनके वास्तविक उपयोग से स्वतंत्र, चार मुख्य प्रकारों में विभाजित किया जा सकता है।

  1. एनालॉग इंस्ट्रूमेंट मीटर एनालॉग डिस्प्ले (सुइयों) के साथ। बाद के दशकों तक सबसे आम बुनियादी प्रकार।[3]# एनालॉग डिस्प्ले के साथ डिजिटल उपकरण मीटर। एक स्क्रीन जो एक एनालॉग मीटर दिखाती है, जो आमतौर पर आधुनिक विमान कॉकपिट और कुछ अस्पताल उपकरण आदि में उपयोग किया जाता है।
  2. डिजिटल डिस्प्ले के साथ डिजिटल उपकरण मीटर। डिजिटल डिस्प्ले पर केवल नंबर दिखाए जाते हैं।
  3. डिजिटल डिस्प्ले के साथ एनालॉग उपकरण मीटर। केवल संख्याएँ प्रदर्शित की जाती हैं, लेकिन एक यांत्रिक या इलेक्ट्रो-मैकेनिकल डिस्प्ले के माध्यम से (आज यह बहुत दुर्लभ है लेकिन कई स्टेशनों और हवाई अड्डों पर घड़ियों, कुछ डॉपलर मीटर और सूचनात्मक स्क्रीन के लिए मौजूद है)

एनालॉग डिस्प्ले वाले दो बुनियादी प्रकार आमतौर पर मानव आंखों और मस्तिष्क के लिए व्याख्या करना आसान होते हैं, खासकर अगर कई उपकरण मीटरों को एक साथ पढ़ा जाना चाहिए। एक संकेतक (दूरी बढ़ाने वाला उपकरण) या सुई गेज पर माप को इंगित करती है। अन्य दो प्रकार केवल अंक प्रदर्शित कर रहे हैं, जिन्हें पढ़ना और व्याख्या करना मनुष्यों के लिए अधिक जटिल है। इसका सर्वोत्तम उदाहरण विमान में कॉकपिट उपकरणीकरण है। उड़ान उपकरण केवल आंकड़े प्रदर्शित नहीं कर सकते हैं, इसलिए सबसे आधुनिक ग्लास-कॉकपिट में भी, जहां लगभग सभी उपकरण स्क्रीन पर प्रदर्शित होते हैं, कुछ आंकड़े दिखाई देते हैं। इसके बजाय स्क्रीन एनालॉग मीटर प्रदर्शित करती हैं।

अधिक विस्तार से

विभिन्न प्रकार के गेजों में शामिल हैं:

Name Description
Bore gauge a device used for measuring holes.
Hole Gauge[4] used to gage internal dimensions of bores that are either too small in diameter for an inside micrometer, and have greater economy than a bore gage or other precision internal gage.
Caliper a device used to measure the distance between two opposing sides of an object.
Center gauges and fishtail gauges are engineering gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers; coaxical centering gauges are used to center a rotary table against a drilling bit in drilling mills
Comb type gage a ruler-shaped gage with two supports at each of its six sides, having tabs of varying lengths. For measuring the comb gage is pushed perpendicular into the film using the measuring range that corresponds to the expected film thickness. The wet film thickness will fall between the clearance of the shortest tab that is wet and the clearance of the next shortest dry tab.
Dial indicator, also known as a dial test indicator, dial gauge, or probe indicator an instrument used to accurately measure small linear distances.
Feeler gauge a simple tool used to measure gap widths.
Gauge block, (also known as a gage block, Johansson gauge, slip gauge, or Jo block) a precision ground and lapped length measuring standard. It is used as a reference for the setting of measuring equipment used in machine shops, such as micrometers, sine bars, calipers, and dial indicators (when used in an inspection role).
Gauge pin is similar to a gauge block. It is a precision ground cylindrical bar for use in Go/no go gauges or similar applications.
Go/no go gauge an inspection tool used to check a workpiece against its allowed tolerances. Its name derives from its use: the gauge has two tests; the check involves the workpiece having to pass one test (Go) and fail the other (No Go).
Grind gage a flat steel block in the surface of which are two flat-bottomed grooves varying uniformly in depth from a maximum at one end of the block to zero near the other end. Groove depth is graduated on the block according to one or more scales used for measuring particle size. Most gages will have one scale marked in either mils or micrometers.
Load cell a transducer that is used to convert a force into electrical signal. This conversion is indirect and happens in two stages. Through a mechanical arrangement, the force being sensed deforms a strain gauge. The strain gauge converts the deformation (strain) to electrical signals. A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Load cells of one strain gauge (quarter bridge) or two strain gauges (half bridge) are also available. The electrical signal output is typically in the order of a few millivolts and requires amplification by an instrumentation amplifier before it can be used. The output of the transducer is plugged into an algorithm to calculate the force applied to the transducer.
The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) a type of electrical transformer used for measuring linear displacement. The transformer has three solenoidal coils placed end-to-end around a tube. The center coil is the primary, and the two outer coils are the secondaries. A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object whose position is to be measured, slides along the axis of the tube.
micrometer, sometimes known as a "micrometer screw gauge" a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise measurement of small distances in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers. Micrometers are often, but not always, in the form of calipers.
Pressure gauge or vacuum gauge a device used for pressure measurement.
Profile gauge or contour gauge a tool for recording the cross-sectional shape of a surface.
Radius gauge, also known as a fillet gauge a tool used to measure the radius of an object. Radius gauges require a bright light behind the object to be measured. The gauge is placed against the edge to be checked and any light leakage between the blade and edge indicates a mismatch that requires correction.
Ring gauge a cylindrical ring of steel whose inside diameter is finished to gauge tolerance and is used for checking the external diameter of a cylindrical object.
Strain gauge a device used to measure the strain of an object.
Stream gauge a site along a stream where measurements of water surface elevation ("stage") and/or volumetric discharge (flow) are made.
Thermometer or temperature gauge a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles.
Thread pitch gauge, also called a threading gauge, pitch gauge, or screw gauge a device used to measure the pitch or lead of screw threads.
Vernier height gauge a measuring device used either for determining the height of something, or for repetitious marking of items to be worked on. The former type of height gauge is often used in doctor's surgeries to find the height of people.
Wire gauge measuring tool determines the thickness of a wire.


संदर्भ

  1. Richard Talman, Geometric Mechanics (2008), p. 255-56: "a "gauge" is a device for measuring a physical quantity—a thermometer is a temperature gauge, a ruler is a length gauge".
  2. Ray Herren, Agricultural Mechanics: Fundamentals & Applications (2009), p. 109: "A gauge is a device used to determine thickness, gap in space, diameter of materials, or pressure of flow".
  3. 3.0 3.1 Barry Hollembeak, Today's Technician: Automotive Electricity and Electronics (2010), p. 539: "A gauge is a device that displays the measurement of a monitored system by the use of a needle or pointer that moves along a calibrated scale".
  4. "Hole Gauge(H7)". www.protool-ltd.co.uk. Protool Ltd.