File:Places of articulation.svg

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Summary

Description
Deutsch: Artikulationsorte (aktiv und passiv)
  1. exolabial (äußerer Teil der Lippe)
  2. endolabial   (innerer Teil der Lippe)
  3. dental (Zähne)
  4. alveolar (vorderer Teil des Zahndamms)
  5. postalveolar (hinterer Teil des Zahndamms und ein wenig dahinter)
  6. präpalatal (vorderer Teil des harten Gaumens)
  7. palatal (harter Gaumen)
  8. velar (weicher Gaumen)
  9. uvular (auch postvelar; Gaumenzäpfchen)
  10. pharyngal (Rachen)
  11. glottal (auch laryngal; Stimmbänder)
  12. epiglottal (Kehldeckel)
  13. radikal (Zungenwurzel)
  14. posterodorsal (hinterer Teil der Zunge)
  15. anterodorsal (vorderer Teil der Zunge)
  16. laminal (Zungenblatt)
  17. apikal (Zungenspitze)
  18. sublaminal (auch subapical; Unterseite der Zunge)

Hinweise:

  • Manche Phonetiker benennen Begriffe unter Umständen anders und nehmen feinere Unterscheidungen vor (z. B. könnte postvelar einen Bereich zwischen velar und uvular bezeichnen; oder exolabial und endolabial könnte unter labial zusammengefasst werden). Das obige Schema stammt aus Catford (1977).
  • Bei pharyngal können nützlicherweise auch verschiedene Regionen unterschieden werden.
  • Der Begriff retroflex wird besser als eine bestimmte Mischung aus einem sublaminalen/apikalen aktiven Artikulator und einer alveolaren/postalveolaren/präpalatalen/palatalen passiven Region benutzt.
  • radikal wird auch betreffend der oberen Zungenwurzel (13) und der unteren Zungenwurzel zusammen mit dem Kehldeckel (12) gebraucht.
English: Places of articulation (active and passive)
  1. Exo-labial   (outer part of lip)
  2. Endo-labial   (inner part of lip)
  3. Dental   (teeth)
  4. Alveolar   (front part of alveolar ridge)
  5. Post-alveolar   (rear part of alveolar ridge & slightly behind it)
  6. Pre-palatal   (front part of hard palate that arches upward)
  7. Palatal   (hard palate)
  8. Velar   (soft palate)
  9. Uvular (a.k.a. Post-velar; uvula)
  10. Pharyngeal   (pharyngeal wall)
  11. Glottal   (a.k.a. Laryngeal; vocal folds)
  12. Epiglottal   (epiglottis)
  13. Radical   (tongue root)
  14. Postero-dorsal   (back of tongue body)
  15. Antero-dorsal   (front of tongue body)
  16. Laminal   (tongue blade)
  17. Apical   (apex or tongue tip)
  18. Sub-laminal   (a.k.a. Sub-apical; underside of tongue)

Notes:

  • Some phoneticians may define terms slightly differently and may include more or less distinctions (e.g. Post-velar could be an area between Velar and Uvular; or Exo-labial and Endo-labial could be subsumed under Labial). The scheme used above is from Catford (1977).
  • Pharyngeal can usefully be divided into different regions.
  • The term Retroflex is better thought of as a particular combination of a sublaminal/apical active articulator and a alveolar/postalveolar/prepalatal/palatal passive region.
  • Radical is often considered to be both the upper tongue root (#13) and the lower tongue root including the epiglottis (#12).
Español: Puntos de articulación (activos and pasivos)
  1. Exolabial   (la parte externa del labio)
  2. Endolabial   (la parte interna del labio)
  3. Dental   (los dientes)
  4. Alveolar   (la parte anterior del alveolo dental)
  5. Postalveolar   (la parte posterior del alveolos dental y un poco más atrás)
  6. Prepalatal   (la parte anterior del paladar duro)
  7. Palatal   (el paladar duro)
  8. Velar   (el paladar suave)
  9. Uvular (también Posvelar; úvula)
  10. Faríngea   (la pared faríngea)
  11. Glotal   (las cuerdas vocales)
  12. Epiglotal   (el epiglotis)
  13. Radical   (la raíz de la lengua)
  14. Posdorsal   (la parte detrás de la lengua)
  15. Antedorsal   (la parte anterior de la lengua)
  16. Laminal   (la lámina de la lengua)
  17. Apical   (el ápice de la lengua)
  18. Sublaminal   (la parte inferior de la lengua)

Notas:

  • Los términos de algunos fonéticos pueden ser diferentes y pueden incluir más o menos distinciones (por ejemplo posvelar puede ser el área entre velar y uvular; o exolabial y endolabial pueden ser llamados juntos labial). El esquema arriba es de Catford (1977).
  • Faringal puede ser dividido entre diferentes regiones.
  • El término retroflejo es mejor pensado como una combinación particular de una articulación activa sublaminal/apical y una región pasiva alveolar/postalveolar/prepalatal/palatal.
  • Radical es a menudo considerado como ambos la parte superior de la raíz de la lengua (#13) y también la parte inferior de la raíz de la lengua que incluye el epiglottis (#12).
Русский: Места образования согласных (активные и пассивные): 1. Внешнелабиальные, 2. Внутрилабиальные, 3. Дентальные, 4. Альвеолярные, 5. Постальвеолярные, 6. Препалатальные, 7. Палатальные, 8. Велярные, 9. Увулярные, 10. Фарингальные, 11. Глоттальные, 12. Эпиглоттальные, 13. Радикальные, 14. Постдорсальные, 15. Предорсальные, 16. Ламинальные, 17. Апикальные, 18. Субапикальные
Date
Source
Deutsch: Minifie et al. (1973:); Orte aus Catford (1977)
English: sagittal section image based on Minifie et al. (1973:); articulation places are from Catford (1977)
Author created by User:ish shwar (original .png deleted), .svg by Rohieb
Permission
(Reusing this file)		 GNU FDL, CC-BY-SA-2.5

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w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic licence.
You are free:
  • to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
  • to remix – to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
  • attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible licence as the original.
You may select the licence of your choice.

Literatur / Bibliograhpy

  • Catford, J. C. (1977). Fundamental problems in phonetics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32520-X.
  • Minifie, Fred D.; Hixon, Thomas J.; & Williams, Frederick. (Eds.) (1973). Normal aspects of speech, hearing, and language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-1362-3702-9.

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